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fix(docs): remove aspirational workflow-level deduplication pattern#1705

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TooTallNate merged 3 commits intomainfrom
fix/docs-remove-aspirational-dedup-pattern
Apr 14, 2026
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fix(docs): remove aspirational workflow-level deduplication pattern#1705
TooTallNate merged 3 commits intomainfrom
fix/docs-remove-aspirational-dedup-pattern

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@TooTallNate TooTallNate commented Apr 12, 2026

Summary

  • Removes the "Pattern: Workflow-level deduplication" section from the idempotency cookbook page. It documented a start({ id }) API that does not exist — run IDs are auto-generated ULIDs with no option to specify a custom ID.
  • Removes the "Use deterministic workflow IDs" bullet from the race condition caveats, which referenced the same non-existent feature.
  • Fixes the start() description in the Key APIs list to no longer claim it accepts a deterministic ID.

@TooTallNate
fix(docs): remove aspirational workflow-level deduplication pattern
20548fb 
The 'Pattern: Workflow-level deduplication' section documented a
start({ id }) API that does not exist. Run IDs are auto-generated
ULIDs and there is no option to specify a custom ID. Remove the
section and related references.
@TooTallNate TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code owner April 12, 2026 07:21
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings April 12, 2026 07:21
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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production 922 1 67 990
✅ 💻 Local Development 822 0 168 990
✅ 📦 Local Production 898 0 182 1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres 898 0 182 1080
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds 133 74 24 231
✅ 📋 Other 228 0 42 270
Total 3901 75 665 4641

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

hono (1 failed):

  • outputStreamWorkflow no startIndex (reads all chunks)
🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP5EXRKJG75V3284QHK12KZE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EY13277NEX7JMGFFDGVV8
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP5F1AECGM0QFC36FBPB65Z6
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP5F57R7X25H5N7WPBBY8RFG
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP5FB89NZT0B7KVFPMBQTM2N

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP5EXRKJG75V3284QHK12KZE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EY13277NEX7JMGFFDGVV8
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP5F1AECGM0QFC36FBPB65Z6
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP5F57R7X25H5N7WPBBY8RFG
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP5FB89NZT0B7KVFPMBQTM2N

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EWDQCEC4AQTMRVQ46X1SC
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EWDQCEC4AQTMRVQ46X1SC
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP5EZBEPJ2ZD0JZ8SF53JMQ7
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EWKPJRBPY6XBDXHW0HPP9
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EWTYTZPR03Y6BR1F5A1HB
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EWWXF8PW2BNQHYB6NNG14
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EZQ1YACTY82FX63M2XCJX
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EX9N1YV4PGHKCEVDP8M7D
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP5EXRKJG75V3284QHK12KZE
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EY13277NEX7JMGFFDGVV8
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EY72T4S6H8H3EFAN4XJ6T
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EYK4WN8WR8DZ49BBZ62FK
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EYQ6WRWPJ0P8BZBYXNBZT
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP5EYRZ6RP25M8RTQQ7ZXGA7
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP5F1AECGM0QFC36FBPB65Z6
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP5F1DJ7V85155HBHHPQX92W
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP5F4NAG6C1PMBN8NXGTGAPQ
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP5F57R7X25H5N7WPBBY8RFG
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP5F5YS1W355Q1YMWGFFS093
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP5F6GKQSB9D8GAYHJ3TXQQ9
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP5F6R1AM1NKD8KSCTYJPJAX
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP5F6WVA1AYN8SDFWPG55NPQ
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP5F6YMDDDJYZ1E6KTVXZB7J
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP5F78AWG6VFVXRHT2J1E2X9
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP5F7MD7WTDE1FGKA8NV7EQ0
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP5F7RSNYGJK6MGCSB2HDPEA
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP5F7YGMTKS6T53A0HTFN3HC
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP5F846ENQX2HM0B553RCVPW
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP5F88TTX9AWMA744M6XQH2Q
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP5F8EQWMPN2R9BAC50MZ6HQ
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP5F8MKVEC7Y7NKCP3Y3YFA5
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP5F90A0J9E961ZADW2X1918
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP5F98CKTPH7PMNXBR6GW1D2
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP5F9E3MP3FR9Q8VY80W48S1
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP5F9PRVKQTH42CAD9QBY45C
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP5FA1NEEKRFMWGZ9QZKQD6N
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP5FAM7HRETRCBAP65CTF4B8
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP5FAYTV8CCH3F5JPS4YPR26
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP5FB4PJP5454W54FA57AFJN
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP5FB6FWHBDJW8542F4M27Y3
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP5FB89NZT0B7KVFPMBQTM2N
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP5FBB3G9V5AFP239RPH35QA

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 83 0 7
✅ example 83 0 7
✅ express 83 0 7
✅ fastify 83 0 7
❌ hono 82 1 7
✅ nextjs-turbopack 88 0 2
✅ nextjs-webpack 88 0 2
✅ nitro 83 0 7
✅ nuxt 83 0 7
✅ sveltekit 83 0 7
✅ vite 83 0 7
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 76 0 14
✅ express-stable 76 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 76 0 14
✅ hono-stable 76 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nuxt-stable 76 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 76 0 14
✅ vite-stable 76 0 14
✅ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 76 0 14
✅ express-stable 76 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 76 0 14
✅ hono-stable 76 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 76 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 76 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 76 0 14
✅ vite-stable 76 0 14
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 76 0 14
✅ express-stable 76 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 76 0 14
✅ hono-stable 76 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 76 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 76 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 76 0 14
✅ vite-stable 76 0 14
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev 6 0 0
❌ mongodb 56 7 8
✅ redis-dev 6 0 0
❌ redis 56 7 8
✅ turso-dev 6 0 0
❌ turso 3 60 8
✅ 📋 Other
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable 76 0 14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable 76 0 14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable 76 0 14

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: cancelled

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.035s (-5.0%) 1.004s (~) 0.970s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.058s (+0.7%) 1.010s (~) 0.953s 10 1.68x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.060s (-10.6% 🟢) 1.010s (~) 0.951s 10 1.73x
💻 Local Nitro 0.062s (+48.4% 🔺) 1.009s (~) 0.947s 10 1.79x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 0.268s (+2.3%) 2.233s (-1.2%) 1.965s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.100s (~) 2.005s (~) 0.906s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.121s (-0.6%) 2.005s (~) 0.884s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.145s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.864s 10 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.148s (~) 2.012s (~) 0.864s 10 1.04x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.950s (-4.7%) 3.839s (-6.3% 🟢) 1.888s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 10.635s (~) 11.022s (~) 0.386s 3 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 10.740s (-1.8%) 11.021s (~) 0.281s 3 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 10.884s (~) 11.019s (~) 0.135s 3 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Express 10.918s (~) 11.023s (~) 0.106s 3 1.03x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 17.259s (-2.0%) 19.070s (-3.1%) 1.811s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 14.203s (~) 15.030s (~) 0.826s 4 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 14.484s (-3.5%) 15.027s (~) 0.543s 4 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Express 14.547s (~) 15.029s (~) 0.482s 4 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 14.598s (~) 15.026s (~) 0.429s 4 1.03x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 32.209s (-16.0% 🟢) 34.878s (-13.3% 🟢) 2.669s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 14.044s (-0.6%) 14.737s (~) 0.694s 7 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 14.056s (+0.7%) 14.595s (+2.0%) 0.540s 7 1.00x
💻 Local Express 14.802s (-1.6%) 15.026s (-3.2%) 0.224s 6 1.05x
💻 Local Nitro 15.092s (-9.9% 🟢) 15.860s (-6.9% 🟢) 0.767s 6 1.07x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 53.935s (-9.6% 🟢) 56.450s (-8.6% 🟢) 2.515s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.264s (-0.9%) 2.009s (~) 0.746s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.268s (-1.1%) 2.010s (~) 0.743s 15 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.435s (-5.7% 🟢) 2.005s (~) 0.570s 15 1.14x
💻 Local Express 1.467s (+1.8%) 2.005s (~) 0.538s 15 1.16x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.376s (-9.0% 🟢) 4.208s (-6.2% 🟢) 1.832s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 2.339s (-0.8%) 3.011s (~) 0.672s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.347s (~) 3.010s (~) 0.663s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 2.425s (-18.2% 🟢) 3.009s (-20.0% 🟢) 0.584s 10 1.04x
💻 Local Express 2.675s (+3.8%) 3.007s (~) 0.332s 10 1.14x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.930s (+14.4% 🔺) 4.576s (+9.9% 🔺) 1.646s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.475s (~) 4.010s (~) 0.535s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.483s (~) 4.012s (~) 0.529s 8 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 6.230s (-25.6% 🟢) 6.815s (-24.5% 🟢) 0.585s 5 1.79x
💻 Local Express 6.888s (+2.5%) 7.416s (+5.7% 🔺) 0.528s 5 1.98x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 4.004s (+24.4% 🔺) 5.663s (+12.0% 🔺) 1.659s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.258s (-0.6%) 2.008s (~) 0.750s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.269s (~) 2.008s (~) 0.739s 15 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 1.429s (-6.3% 🟢) 2.009s (~) 0.580s 15 1.14x
💻 Local Express 1.459s (-0.5%) 2.006s (~) 0.546s 15 1.16x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.251s (+1.0%) 3.933s (-2.2%) 1.682s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.321s (-1.8%) 3.010s (~) 0.689s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.365s (~) 3.011s (~) 0.646s 10 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 2.455s (-20.7% 🟢) 3.007s (-25.0% 🟢) 0.552s 10 1.06x
💻 Local Express 2.721s (-8.5% 🟢) 3.006s (-10.1% 🟢) 0.286s 10 1.17x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 3.289s (+14.0% 🔺) 4.766s (+1.9%) 1.477s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.469s (-0.8%) 4.010s (~) 0.541s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.481s (-0.8%) 4.009s (~) 0.529s 8 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 6.611s (-29.2% 🟢) 7.013s (-30.1% 🟢) 0.402s 5 1.91x
💻 Local Express 7.821s (-2.8%) 8.265s (-5.7% 🟢) 0.444s 4 2.25x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 3.417s (+1.7%) 5.039s (-7.2% 🟢) 1.622s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.797s (+13.7% 🔺) 1.115s (+11.1% 🔺) 0.318s 54 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.818s (-2.3%) 1.006s (~) 0.187s 60 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.822s (-1.4%) 1.022s (+1.6%) 0.201s 59 1.03x
💻 Local Nitro 1.110s (+12.2% 🔺) 1.468s (+17.0% 🔺) 0.357s 41 1.39x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 10.534s (-2.7%) 12.492s (-1.4%) 1.958s 5 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.944s (-1.0%) 2.227s (~) 0.282s 41 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.971s (+1.7%) 2.227s (-1.1%) 0.256s 41 1.01x
💻 Local Express 2.222s (-9.0% 🟢) 3.007s (-5.4% 🟢) 0.785s 30 1.14x
💻 Local Nitro 2.671s (-11.5% 🟢) 3.110s (-13.2% 🟢) 0.439s 29 1.37x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 28.588s (-3.1%) 30.533s (-3.3%) 1.946s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 3.950s (-1.8%) 4.297s (-3.6%) 0.347s 28 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 4.010s (+3.0%) 4.440s (+7.0% 🔺) 0.430s 28 1.02x
💻 Local Express 7.247s (-0.8%) 8.015s (+0.8%) 0.768s 15 1.83x
💻 Local Nitro 7.731s (-16.4% 🟢) 8.214s (-18.0% 🟢) 0.483s 15 1.96x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 72.032s (-6.1% 🟢) 74.121s (-6.7% 🟢) 2.089s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.276s (-2.2%) 1.007s (~) 0.731s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.295s (+7.0% 🔺) 1.007s (~) 0.713s 60 1.07x
💻 Local Nitro 0.558s (-4.0%) 1.022s (+1.7%) 0.464s 59 2.02x
💻 Local Express 0.568s (-2.6%) 1.004s (~) 0.436s 60 2.06x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.640s (+1.5%) 3.392s (-2.0%) 1.752s 18 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.483s (-3.9%) 1.007s (~) 0.523s 90 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.513s (+2.6%) 1.007s (~) 0.494s 90 1.06x
💻 Local Nitro 2.038s (-17.7% 🟢) 2.767s (-8.1% 🟢) 0.729s 33 4.22x
💻 Local Express 2.408s (+0.5%) 3.007s (~) 0.599s 30 4.98x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 3.674s (+16.4% 🔺) 5.586s (+14.4% 🔺) 1.913s 17 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.783s (-0.9%) 1.007s (~) 0.225s 120 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.807s (+3.2%) 1.009s (~) 0.202s 119 1.03x
💻 Local Nitro 8.748s (-21.2% 🟢) 9.265s (-21.8% 🟢) 0.516s 13 11.18x
💻 Local Express 10.577s (+5.7% 🔺) 11.300s (+5.7% 🔺) 0.723s 11 13.51x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 15.745s (+169.8% 🔺) 17.631s (+126.3% 🔺) 1.887s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.141s (+0.6%) 1.004s (~) 0.010s (+2.1%) 1.015s (~) 0.875s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.164s (-19.1% 🟢) 1.003s (~) 0.008s (-31.9% 🟢) 1.013s (~) 0.849s 10 1.17x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.199s (-3.5%) 1.000s (~) 0.001s (-15.4% 🟢) 1.011s (~) 0.812s 10 1.42x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.223s (+4.4%) 0.995s (~) 0.001s (~) 1.010s (~) 0.788s 10 1.58x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.646s (-9.5% 🟢) 3.393s (~) 0.562s (+111.8% 🔺) 4.460s (+6.0% 🔺) 2.814s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.578s (+3.5%) 1.012s (~) 0.009s (+2.7%) 1.022s (~) 0.445s 59 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.602s (-0.9%) 1.005s (~) 0.004s (-19.6% 🟢) 1.022s (~) 0.420s 59 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.626s (+2.0%) 1.005s (~) 0.004s (+4.5%) 1.022s (~) 0.396s 59 1.08x
💻 Local Nitro 0.992s (+36.6% 🔺) 1.200s (+18.5% 🔺) 0.008s (-19.6% 🟢) 1.448s (+41.4% 🔺) 0.455s 42 1.72x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 4.919s (+7.9% 🔺) 6.272s (-2.9%) 0.218s (-26.1% 🟢) 7.024s (-5.4% 🟢) 2.104s 9 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.938s (-0.8%) 1.104s (-5.6% 🟢) 0.000s (-69.1% 🟢) 1.127s (-4.8%) 0.189s 55 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.988s (+0.8%) 1.267s (+6.3% 🔺) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 1.279s (+5.1% 🔺) 0.292s 48 1.05x
💻 Local Nitro 1.101s (-11.1% 🟢) 1.620s (-19.9% 🟢) 0.000s (-11.2% 🟢) 1.621s (-19.8% 🟢) 0.520s 38 1.17x
💻 Local Express 1.192s (+4.6%) 2.019s (~) 0.000s (-12.5% 🟢) 2.020s (~) 0.828s 30 1.27x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 3.333s (+12.0% 🔺) 4.714s (+1.1%) 0.000s (-91.7% 🟢) 5.285s (+1.7%) 1.952s 12 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.764s (~) 2.143s (+2.1%) 0.000s (+3.6%) 2.153s (+1.9%) 0.389s 28 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.772s (~) 2.222s (+3.9%) 0.000s (NaN%) 2.235s (+4.1%) 0.463s 27 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 3.120s (-10.9% 🟢) 3.563s (-13.1% 🟢) 0.001s (-37.0% 🟢) 3.565s (-13.1% 🟢) 0.446s 17 1.77x
💻 Local Express 3.615s (+10.4% 🔺) 4.231s (+8.3% 🔺) 0.001s (+6.7% 🔺) 4.234s (+8.3% 🔺) 0.619s 15 2.05x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 3.991s (-5.4% 🟢) 5.218s (-8.6% 🟢) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 5.677s (-8.7% 🟢) 1.686s 11 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - - -
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Nitro 11/21
🐘 Postgres Express 13/21
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 21/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 🐘 Postgres 14/21
Next.js (Turbopack) ▲ Vercel 21/21
Nitro 🐘 Postgres 17/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

Copilot AI reviewed Apr 12, 2026
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Pull request overview

This PR updates the idempotency cookbook documentation to remove an aspirational “workflow-level deduplication” pattern that referenced a non-existent start({ id }) API, aligning the guidance with the actual start() behavior (auto-generated run IDs).

Changes:

  • Removed the “Pattern: Workflow-level deduplication” section that documented start({ id }).
  • Removed the “Use deterministic workflow IDs” bullet from race condition caveats.
  • Updated the Key APIs entry for start() to no longer claim support for a deterministic ID.

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@TooTallNate TooTallNate enabled auto-merge (squash) April 13, 2026 18:50
@TooTallNate TooTallNate disabled auto-merge April 14, 2026 07:45
@TooTallNate TooTallNate merged commit b67f54f into main Apr 14, 2026
95 of 100 checks passed
@TooTallNate TooTallNate deleted the fix/docs-remove-aspirational-dedup-pattern branch April 14, 2026 07:45
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@johnlindquist johnlindquist johnlindquist approved these changes

@VaguelySerious VaguelySerious VaguelySerious approved these changes

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@TooTallNate @johnlindquist @VaguelySerious